{"id":7566,"date":"2012-02-19T20:04:34","date_gmt":"2012-02-19T17:04:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.researchturkey.org\/nobody-not-even-the-rain-has-such-small-hands-the-turkish-struggle-with-the-marketization-of-water-or-how-can-you-procure-life-basak-alpan\/"},"modified":"2022-08-28T17:25:21","modified_gmt":"2022-08-28T14:25:21","slug":"nobody-not-even-the-rain-has-such-small-hands-the-turkish-struggle-with-the-marketization-of-water-or-how-can-you-procure-life-basak-alpan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.researchturkey.org\/tr\/nobody-not-even-the-rain-has-such-small-hands-the-turkish-struggle-with-the-marketization-of-water-or-how-can-you-procure-life-basak-alpan\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Hi\u00e7 Kimsenin, Ya\u011fmurun Bile B\u00f6yle K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Elleri Yoktur*\u2019: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, Suyun Piyasala\u015fmas\u0131yla \u0130mtihan\u0131 ya da \u2018Ya\u015fam \u0130haleye \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r m\u0131?\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\u0130spanyol y\u00f6netmen Iciar Bollain, 15. ve 16. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Latin Amerika\u2019daki s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015fme s\u00fcrecini ve 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bolivya halk\u0131n\u0131n, i\u00e7me sular\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan k\u00fcresel \u015firketlere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesini birlikte anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 2010 yap\u0131m\u0131 \u2018Ya\u011fmuru Bile\u2019 filminde izleyicinin kalbini ve vicdan\u0131n\u0131 derinden vuruyor. Bollain\u2019in filmi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki g\u00fcncel tart\u0131\u015fmalardan ve m\u00fccadele alanlar\u0131ndan biriyle de \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor asl\u0131nda: T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n suyun ve enerjinin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesine kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc m\u00fccadelesiyle yani\u2026 Mart 2009\u2019da, D\u00fcnya Su Forumu ve \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi taraf\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen 5. Su Forumu\u2019nu protesto amac\u0131yla 2008 Kas\u0131m\u2019\u0131nda kurulan \u2018Suyun Ticarile\u015fmesine Hay\u0131r Platformu\u2019, bu m\u00fccadelenin belkemi\u011fini olu\u015fturuyor belki de\u2026 Platformun \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131, D\u00fcnya Su Forumu ve Forumun destekleyicisi Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler[1]<\/a>\u2019in suyu \u2018piyasada de\u011fi\u015fim de\u011feri olan bir meta\u2019 olarak tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli yerel y\u00f6netimlerin ve OECD gibi daha geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n \u2018suyun de\u011ferinin pazar mekanizmalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmesi\u2019 konusundaki i\u015fbirli\u011fi olarak dile getiriliyor. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 3 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde Platform, hidroelektrik santral (HES) yap\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015flanan ve bu yolla dere yataklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n 49 y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle \u00e7ok uluslu \u015firketlere verildi\u011fi bir\u00e7ok co\u011frafyada, Hopa\u2019dan, Sakl\u0131kent\u2019e, F\u0131nd\u0131kl\u0131\u2019dan \u0130kizdere\u2019ye, kendi deyimleriyle, \u2018kapitalizmin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131; do\u011fay\u0131, dereleri, meralar\u0131, ormanlar\u0131, tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131, ya\u015fam\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, e\u011fitimi, eme\u011fi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri savunmak amac\u0131yla say\u0131s\u0131z eylem \u00f6rg\u00fctledi. Platformun \u00f6rg\u00fctledi\u011fi m\u00fccadelenin bir di\u011fer bile\u015fenini ise, 12 Haziran 2011 genel se\u00e7imlerinin hemen sonras\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan 648 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnameyle \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2018n\u0131n yetki alan\u0131 i\u00e7ine al\u0131nan t\u00fcm korunmas\u0131 gerekli do\u011fa alanlar\u0131, tabiat varl\u0131klar\u0131, milli parklar ve do\u011fal sit alanlar\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

Hidroelektrik santrallere, yok edilen vadilere ve kirletilen nehirlere kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bu m\u00fccadele, 2000\u2019lerde Platform taraf\u0131ndan sistematize edilmi\u015f ve siyasi bir ba\u011flama oturtulmu\u015f olsa da, do\u011fal y\u0131k\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrk insan\u0131n\u0131n direni\u015fi yeni de\u011fil. 1990\u2019larda bir avu\u00e7 yerel siyaset\u00e7i taraf\u0131ndan Euro-Gold\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen Bergama direni\u015fi, bir s\u00fcre sonra yerel muhalefet s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131p T\u00fcrkiye \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir harekete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc hat\u0131rlayacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Bu ba\u011flamda, hat\u0131rlanmas\u0131 gereken bir di\u011fer sat\u0131r ba\u015f\u0131 2007\u2019de Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019de HES yap\u0131m\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131lan Derelerin Karde\u015fli\u011fi Platformu\u2026 Derelerin Karde\u015fli\u011fi, Haziran 2008\u2019de \u00c7ayeli\u2019nde HES yap\u0131m\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 hukuki m\u00fccadele s\u00fcrecini ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu ve \u2018derelerimize dokunma, vadimize dokunma\u2019 slogan\u0131yla y\u00fcksek kat\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 ilk mitingini d\u00fczenledi. Y\u0131ld\u0131z Teknik \u00dcniversitesi \u00c7evre M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nden Profes\u00f6r Beyza \u00dcst\u00fcn\u2019e g\u00f6re, do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n metala\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an hidroelektrik santrallerinin yap\u0131m\u0131yla art\u0131k o me\u015fhur \u2018d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ler\u2019e de\u011fil, enerji \u015firketlerinin himmetine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale geldik. Bu ba\u011flamda, yak\u0131n gelecekte, sadece paras\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6deyebilen suya eri\u015fim hakk\u0131na sahip olacak. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerde ba\u015flayan \u00f6n \u00f6demeli su sayac\u0131 uygulamas\u0131 da bu e\u011filimin bir g\u00f6stergesi \u00dcst\u00fcn\u2019e g\u00f6re.<\/p>\n

Bu m\u00fccadelenin en yeni d\u00f6nemecini ise, \u0130stanbul\u2019a yap\u0131m\u0131 planlanan 3. k\u00f6pr\u00fcye kar\u015f\u0131 kurulan \u20183. K\u00f6pr\u00fcye Kar\u015f\u0131 Ya\u015fam Platformu\u2019nun eylemleri olu\u015fturuyor. Platform\u2019a g\u00f6re, 3. k\u00f6pr\u00fcn\u00fcn yap\u0131m\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019daki trafik problemini \u00e7\u00f6zmeyi de\u011fil, \u0130stanbul\u2019un ve Marmara\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyinde kalan son orman alanlar\u0131, su havzalar\u0131 ve tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131 in\u015faat ve otomotiv \u015firketlerine kar sa\u011flamaktan ba\u015fka bir anlam\u0131 olmayan bu projeye kurban etmeyi hedefliyor. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede dikkati \u00e7eken bir di\u011fer nokta ise, AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin, projenin 1993 \u00f6ncesi ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla 3. K\u00f6pr\u00fc Projesi\u2019ni \u00c7evre Etki De\u011ferlendirmesi\u2019nin (\u00c7ED\u2019in) kapsam\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rakmas\u0131.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bechtel \u015firketi, \u2018ya\u011fmuru bile\u2019 kullanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 2039\u2019a kadar elde etti\u011fi Bolivya\u2019y\u0131 (ger\u00e7ek hayatta ve \u2018Ya\u011fmuru Bile\u2019[3]<\/a> filminde) halk ayaklanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koyamayarak terk etmek zorunda kald\u0131. H\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n ve sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin \u2018k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck elleri\u2019 ile \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen \u00e7evre m\u00fccadelesi nereye varacak, bunu hep birlikte g\u00f6rece\u011fiz. Sorduklar\u0131 soru, Bolivya halk\u0131n\u0131nkinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 de\u011fil asl\u0131nda: \u2018Hayat nas\u0131l ihaleye \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131r?\u2019<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fak Alpan<\/p>\n

Bu makaleyi \u015fu \u015fekilde referans vererek kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n

Alpan, Ba\u015fak (Mart, 2012), \u201c\u2018\u2018Hi\u00e7 Kimsenin, Ya\u011fmurun Bile B\u00f6yle K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Elleri Yoktur\u2019: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, Suyun Piyasala\u015fmas\u0131yla \u0130mtihan\u0131 ya da \u2018Ya\u015fam \u0130haleye \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r m\u0131?\u2019\u201d, Cilt I, Say\u0131 1,\u00a0 s.8-9, \u00a0T\u00fcrkiye Politika ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi (AnalizT\u00fcrkiye), <\/em>Londra: AnalizT\u00fcrkiye \u00a0<\/em>(http:\/\/researchturkey.org\/p=180&lang=tr)<\/p>\n

\n
\n

*E.E. Cummings\u2019in \u2018Somewhere I have never Travelled\u2019 \u015fiirinden.<\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/a> 1992\u2019de Dublin\u2019de d\u00fczenlenen Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Su ve \u00c7evre Uluslararas\u0131 Konferans\u0131\u2019nda su BM taraf\u0131ndan \u2018ticari bir meta\u2019 olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[2]<\/a> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00c7evre Etki De\u011ferlendirmesi (\u00c7ED) yasal bir zorunluluk olarak 1993\u2019te kabul edildi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[3]<\/a> \u2018Bechtel \u015firketi, Bolivya H\u00fck\u00fcmeti aleyhine Uluslararas\u0131 Yerle\u015fim ve Yat\u0131r\u0131m Anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 Merkezi\u2019nde 50 milyon dolarl\u0131k dava a\u00e7t\u0131. \u015eirketin yat\u0131r\u0131m masraf\u0131 1 milyon dolardan az olsa da, Bolivya H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin su s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini iptal etmesiyle u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar kayb\u0131n\u0131 da hesaplayarak bu miktar\u0131 talep etti\u011fi iddias\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. Ancak 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015firket bu iddas\u0131n\u0131 geri \u00e7ekerek, 50 milyon dolar yerine smuhtemel kar\u0131 da hesaplayarak nin kendisine kaybettirdi\u011fini iddia etti\u011fi kar\u0131 da hesaplayarak \u00a0\u2018The Bechtel Company filed a $50 million claim with International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes against the Bolivian government. The claim was not only for recovery of its lost investment, which amounted to less than $1 million, but also for the profit it claimed to have lost when Bolivia annulled the water contract. In 2006, the company withdrew its claim and Instead of its $50 million, it agreed to damages in the amount of two bolivianos<\/em>\u2013 25 cents\u2019 (Opinio Juris, available at http:\/\/lawofnations.blogspot.com\/2006\/02\/bechtel-abandons-its-icsid-claim.html<\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130spanyol y\u00f6netmen Iciar Bollain, 15. ve 16. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Latin Amerika\u2019daki s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015fme s\u00fcrecini ve 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bolivya halk\u0131n\u0131n, i\u00e7me sular\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan k\u00fcresel \u015firketlere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesini birlikte anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 2010 yap\u0131m\u0131 \u2018Ya\u011fmuru Bile\u2019 filminde izleyicinin kalbini ve vicdan\u0131n\u0131 derinden vuruyor. Bollain\u2019in filmi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki g\u00fcncel tart\u0131\u015fmalardan ve m\u00fccadele alanlar\u0131ndan biriyle de \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor asl\u0131nda: T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n suyun ve enerjinin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":180,"featured_media":7754,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[277,204],"tags":[205,206,287,207,208,291,209],"class_list":["post-7566","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-economic-analysis-tr","category-sectoral-analysis-tr","tag-article-2-tr","tag-dual-language-2-tr","tag-economic-analiysis-tr","tag-latests-tr","tag-main-page-tr","tag-sectoral-analysis-2-tr","tag-slider-entry-tr"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.researchturkey.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7566","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.researchturkey.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.researchturkey.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.researchturkey.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/180"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.researchturkey.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7566"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/www.researchturkey.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7566\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9557,"href":"http:\/\/www.researchturkey.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7566\/revisions\/9557"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.researchturkey.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7754"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.researchturkey.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7566"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.researchturkey.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7566"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.researchturkey.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7566"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}